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Diet and Cardiovascular Health: Chylomicron Remnants and Their Emerging Roles in Vascular Dysfunction in Atherogenesis

Postprandial inflammation and endothelial dysfuction

A. Alipour, J.W.F. Elte, H.C.T. van Zaanen, A.P. Rietveld, M. Castro Cabezas
Biochemical Society Transactions Jun 01, 2007, 35 (3) 466-469; DOI: 10.1042/BST0350466
A. Alipour
Department of Internal Medicine, St Franciscus Gasthuis, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, PO Box 10900, 3004 BA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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J.W.F. Elte
Department of Internal Medicine, St Franciscus Gasthuis, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, PO Box 10900, 3004 BA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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H.C.T. van Zaanen
Department of Internal Medicine, St Franciscus Gasthuis, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, PO Box 10900, 3004 BA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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A.P. Rietveld
Department of Internal Medicine, St Franciscus Gasthuis, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, PO Box 10900, 3004 BA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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M. Castro Cabezas
Department of Internal Medicine, St Franciscus Gasthuis, Center for Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, PO Box 10900, 3004 BA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract

Postprandial hyperlipidaemia is a common metabolic disturbance in atherosclerosis. During the postprandial phase, chylomicrons and their remnants can penetrate the intact endothelium and cause foam cell formation. These particles are highly atherogenic after modification. People in the Western world are non-fasting for most of the day, which consequently leads to a continuous challenge of the endothelium by atherogenic lipoproteins and their remnants. Furthermore, atherosclerosis is considered a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease. Many studies have shown that the process of atherogenesis in part starts with the interaction between the activated leucocytes and activated endothelium. Postprandial lipoproteins can activate leucocytes in the blood and up-regulate the expression of leucocyte adhesion molecules on the endothelium, facilitating adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells into the subendothelial space. Another inflammatory process associated with postprandial lipaemia is the activation of the complement system. Its central component C3 has been associated with obesity, coronary sclerosis, the metabolic syndrome and fasting and postprandial TAGs (triacylglycerols). Moreover, chylomicrons are the strongest stimulators of adipocyte C3 production via activation of the alternative complement cascade. A postprandial C3 increment has been shown in healthy subjects and in patients with CAD (coronary artery disease) and with FCHL (familial combined hyperlipidaemia). Postprandial lipaemia has been related to TAG and free fatty acid metabolism. All of these mechanisms provide an alternative explanation for the atherogenicity of the postprandial period.

  • chylomicron
  • complement
  • inflammation
  • leucocyte
  • lipaemia
  • oxidative stress

Footnotes

  • Diet and Cardiovascular Health: Chylomicron Remnants and Their Emerging Roles in Vascular Dysfunction in Atherogenesis: Biochemical Society Focused Meeting held at The Royal Veterinary College, London, U.K., 18–19 December 2006. Organized and Edited by K. Botham and C. Wheeler-Jones (Royal Veterinary College, London, U.K.).

Abbreviations: C3/ASP, C3/acylation-stimulating protein; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; FCHL, familial combined hyperlipidaemia; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IMT, intima-media thickness; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; PON-1, paraoxonase 1; TAG, triacylglycerol; TRL, TAG-rich lipoprotein

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June 2007

Volume: 35 Issue: 3

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Postprandial inflammation and endothelial dysfuction
A. Alipour, J.W.F. Elte, H.C.T. van Zaanen, A.P. Rietveld, M. Castro Cabezas
Biochemical Society Transactions Jun 2007, 35 (3) 466-469; DOI: 10.1042/BST0350466
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Postprandial inflammation and endothelial dysfuction
A. Alipour, J.W.F. Elte, H.C.T. van Zaanen, A.P. Rietveld, M. Castro Cabezas
Biochemical Society Transactions Jun 2007, 35 (3) 466-469; DOI: 10.1042/BST0350466

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Keywords

chylomicron
complement
inflammation
leucocyte
lipaemia
oxidative stress

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