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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis

Thymosin β4 induces epicardium-derived neovascularization in the adult heart

Paul R. Riley, Nicola Smart
Biochemical Society Transactions Dec 01, 2009, 37 (6) 1218-1220; DOI: 10.1042/BST0371218
Paul R. Riley
UCL-Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, U.K.
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  • For correspondence: p.riley@ich.ucl.ac.uk
Nicola Smart
UCL-Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, U.K.
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Abstract

The inability of the human heart to effectively repair itself after acute ischaemic injury has driven the search for efficacious means of promoting cardiac regenerative growth. Central to this has been the emergence of cell-based strategies to stimulate and augment both myocardial regeneration and neovascularization. Autologous cell transplantation of a variety of adult progenitor cells has been taken forward in clinical trials and, in parallel, investigators have begun to focus on the activation of resident cardiac cell populations as a means to stimulate endogenous repair. The latter approach depends on characterizing native progenitors with self-renewal, clonality, multipotency and arguably an analogous embryological counterpart. Recently, we have focused on adult EPDCs (epicardium-derived progenitor cells), which, when induced by the actin monomer-binding protein Tβ4 (thymosin β4), are able to revert to their embryonic phenotype and give rise to endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells ex vivo. Studies are ongoing to determine whether activated adult EPDCs can contribute to bona fide neovascularization in the injured adult mammalian heart proper, as a therapeutic means to support surviving cardiac muscle cells and sustain regenerating myocardium.

  • cardiovascular regenerative medicine
  • epicardium
  • ischaemia
  • neovascularization
  • regeneration
  • thymosin β4

Footnotes

  • Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis: Biochemical Society Focused Meeting held at University of Chester, Chester, U.K., 15–17 July 2009. Organized and Edited by Ian Zachary (University College London, U.K.) and Sreenivasan Ponnambalam (Leeds, U.K.).

Abbreviations: EMT, epithelial–mesenchyme transition; EPDC, epicardium-derived progenitor cell; hEPDC, human EPDC; MI, myocardial infarction; Tβ4, thymosin β4; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell

  • © The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Biochemical Society
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December 2009

Volume: 37 Issue: 6

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Thymosin β4 induces epicardium-derived neovascularization in the adult heart
Paul R. Riley, Nicola Smart
Biochemical Society Transactions Dec 2009, 37 (6) 1218-1220; DOI: 10.1042/BST0371218
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Thymosin β4 induces epicardium-derived neovascularization in the adult heart
Paul R. Riley, Nicola Smart
Biochemical Society Transactions Dec 2009, 37 (6) 1218-1220; DOI: 10.1042/BST0371218

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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Embryonic insight into neovascularization
    • Tβ4 (thymosin β4) is essential for coronary vessel development
    • Tβ4 activates adult epicardium-derived progenitors
    • Adult EPDCs: a tractable lineage?
    • Activation of the epicardium underpins zebrafish heart regeneration
    • Tβ4 facilitates neovascularization in vivo
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Keywords

cardiovascular regenerative medicine
epicardium
ischaemia
neovascularization
regeneration
thymosin β4

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