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mTOR Signalling in Health and Disease

Regulation of plant growth and metabolism by the TOR kinase

Thomas Dobrenel, Chloé Marchive, Rodnay Sormani, Manon Moreau, Milena Mozzo, Marie-Hélène Montané, Benoît Menand, Christophe Robaglia, Christian Meyer
Biochemical Society Transactions Mar 22, 2011, 39 (2) 477-481; DOI: 10.1042/BST0390477
Thomas Dobrenel
Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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Chloé Marchive
Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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Rodnay Sormani
Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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Manon Moreau
Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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Milena Mozzo
Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
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Marie-Hélène Montané
Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
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Benoît Menand
Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
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Christophe Robaglia
Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
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Christian Meyer
Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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  • For correspondence: cmeyer@versailles.inra.fr
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Abstract

The TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase is present in nearly all eukaryotic organisms and regulates a wealth of biological processes collectively contributing to cell growth. The genome of the model plant Arabidopsis contains a single TOR gene and two RAPTOR (regulatory associated protein of TOR)/KOG1 (Kontroller of growth 1) and GβL/LST8 (G-protein β-subunit-like/lethal with Sec thirteen 8) genes but, in contrast with other organisms, plants appear to be resistant to rapamycin. Disruption of the RAPTOR1 and TOR genes in Arabidopsis results in an early arrest of embryo development. Plants that overexpress the TOR mRNA accumulate more leaf and root biomass, produce more seeds and are more resistant to stress. Conversely, the down-regulation of TOR by constitutive or inducible RNAi (RNA interference) leads to a reduced organ growth, to an early senescence and to severe transcriptomic and metabolic perturbations, including accumulation of sugars and amino acids. It thus seems that plant growth is correlated to the level of TOR expression. We have also investigated the effect of reduced TOR expression on tissue organization and cell division. We suggest that, like in other eukaryotes, the plant TOR kinase could be one of the main contributors to the link between environmental cues and growth processes.

  • Arabidopsis
  • lethal with Sec thirteen 8 (LST8)
  • rapamycin
  • regulatory associated protein of target of rapamycin (RAPTOR)
  • sugar
  • target of rapamycin kinase (TOR kinase)

Footnotes

  • mTOR Signalling in Health and Disease: A Biochemical Society Focused Meeting held at Charles Darwin House, London, U.K., 11–12 November 2010. Organized and Edited by Ivan Gout (University College London, U.K.), Christopher Proud (Southampton, U.K.) and Michael Seckl (Imperial College London, U.K.).

Abbreviations: AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; FKBP12, FK506-binding protein 12; FRB, FKBP12-rapamycin-binding; HEAT, huntingtin, elongation factor 3, the PR65/A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A and target of rapamycin; LST8, lethal with Sec thirteen 8; RAPTOR, regulatory associated protein of target of rapamycin; RNAi, RNA interference; S6K, S6 kinase; TAP, type 2A phosphatase-associated protein; TOR, target of rapamycin

  • © The Authors Journal compilation © 2011 Biochemical Society
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April 2011

Volume: 39 Issue: 2

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Regulation of plant growth and metabolism by the TOR kinase
Thomas Dobrenel, Chloé Marchive, Rodnay Sormani, Manon Moreau, Milena Mozzo, Marie-Hélène Montané, Benoît Menand, Christophe Robaglia, Christian Meyer
Biochemical Society Transactions Apr 2011, 39 (2) 477-481; DOI: 10.1042/BST0390477
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Regulation of plant growth and metabolism by the TOR kinase
Thomas Dobrenel, Chloé Marchive, Rodnay Sormani, Manon Moreau, Milena Mozzo, Marie-Hélène Montané, Benoît Menand, Christophe Robaglia, Christian Meyer
Biochemical Society Transactions Apr 2011, 39 (2) 477-481; DOI: 10.1042/BST0390477

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Keywords

Arabidopsis
lethal with Sec thirteen 8 (LST8)
rapamycin
regulatory associated protein of target of rapamycin (RAPTOR)
sugar
target of rapamycin kinase (TOR kinase)

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