Molecular, catalytic and structural properties of glyoxalase pathway enzymes of many species are now known. Current research has focused on the regulation of activity and expression of Glo1 (glyoxalase I) and Glo2 (glyoxalase II) and their role in health and disease. Human GLO1 has MRE (metal-response element), IRE (insulin-response element), E2F4 (early gene 2 factor isoform 4), AP-2α (activating enhancer-binding protein 2α) and ARE (antioxidant response-element) regulatory elements and is a hotspot for copy number variation. The human Glo2 gene, HAGH (hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase), has a regulatory p53-response element. Glo1 is linked to healthy aging, obesity, diabetes and diabetic complications, chronic renal disease, cardiovascular disease, other disorders and multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Mathematical modelling of the glyoxalase pathway predicts that pharmacological levels of increased Glo1 activity markedly decrease cellular methylglyoxal and related glycation, and pharmacological Glo1 inhibition markedly increases cellular methylglyoxal and related glycation. Glo1 inducers are in development to sustain healthy aging and for treatment of vascular complications of diabetes and other disorders, and cell-permeant Glo1 inhibitors are in development for treatment of multidrug-resistant tumours, malaria and potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
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April 2014
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Conference Article|
March 20 2014
Activity, regulation, copy number and function in the glyoxalase system
Naila Rabbani;
Naila Rabbani
*Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K.
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Mingzhan Xue;
Mingzhan Xue
*Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K.
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Paul J. Thornalley
Paul J. Thornalley
1
*Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry CV2 2DX, U.K.
1To whom correspondence should be addressed (emailP.J.Thornalley@warwick.ac.uk).
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
January 08 2014
Online ISSN: 1470-8752
Print ISSN: 0300-5127
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society
2014
Biochem Soc Trans (2014) 42 (2): 419–424.
Article history
Received:
January 08 2014
Citation
Naila Rabbani, Mingzhan Xue, Paul J. Thornalley; Activity, regulation, copy number and function in the glyoxalase system. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 2014; 42 (2): 419–424. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20140008
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