Growing functions of the ESCRT machinery in cell biology and viral replication

Edward J. Scourfield; Juan Martin-Serrano

doi:10.1042/BST20160479

Abstract

The vast expansion in recent years of the cellular processes promoted by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery has reinforced its identity as a modular system that uses multiple adaptors to recruit the core membrane remodelling activity at different intracellular sites and facilitate membrane scission. Functional connections to processes such as the aurora B-dependent abscission checkpoint also highlight the importance of the spatiotemporal regulation of the ESCRT machinery. Here, we summarise the role of ESCRTs in viral budding, and what we have learned about the ESCRT pathway from studying this process. These advances are discussed in the context of areas of cell biology that have been transformed by research in the ESCRT field, including cytokinetic abscission, nuclear envelope resealing and plasma membrane repair.

cytokinesis
ESCRT
HIV-1
midbody
nuclear envelope

Abbreviations

ALG-2,: apoptosis-linked gene-2;
ALIX,: ALG-2-interacting protein X;
ANCHR,: Abscission/NoCut Checkpoint Regulator;
ARMM,: ARRDC1-mediated microvesicle;
ARRDC1,: arrestin domain containing 1;
ART,: arrestin-related trafficking;
CDK1,: cyclin-dependent kinase 1;
CEP55,: centrosomal protein of 55 kDa;
CHMP,: charged multivesicular body protein;
CPC,: chromosomal passenger complex;
CYK-4,: cytokeratin-4;
DEEM,: deep-etch electron microscopy;
EAP20,: ELL-associated protein of 20 kDa;
EAP45,: ELL-associated protein of 45 kDa;
EIAV,: equine infectious anaemia virus;
ER,: endoplasmic reticulum;
ESCRT,: endosomal sorting complex required for transport;
HECT,: homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus;
hIST1,: human Increased sodium tolerance 1;
HIV,: human immunodeficiency virus;
HSV-1,: herpes simplex virus-1;
ILV,: intralumenal vesicle;
INM,: inner nuclear membrane;
LIP5,: LYST-interacting protein 5;
MHC,: major histocompatibility complex;
MIM,: MIT domain-interacting motif;
MIT,: microtubule-interacting and trafficking;
MITD1,: MIT domain containing 1;
MKLP1,: mitotic kinesin-like protein 1;
MLV,: murine leukaemia virus;
MVB,: multivesicular body;
NE,: nuclear envelope;
NEDD4,: neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4;
NPC,: nuclear pore complex;
Nup,: nucleoporin;
PLK-1,: Polo-like kinase 1;
PM,: plasma membrane;
RSV,: Rous sarcoma virus;
SINC,: storage of improperly assembled NPCs;
Snf7,: sucrose nonfermenting protein 7;
TCR,: T-cell receptor;
TIRF,: total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy;
Tsg101,: tumour susceptibility gene 101;
UEV,: ubiquitin enzyme variant;
UFD1,: ubiquitin fusion degradation protein 1;
ULK3,: Unc-51-like kinase 3;
VPS,: vacuole protein sorting;
WWP1,: WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1;
WWP2,: WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2.