PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Cheang, Qing Wei
AU  - Xin, Lingyi
AU  - Chea, Rachel Yuen Fong
AU  - Liang, Zhao-Xun
TI  - Emerging paradigms for PilZ domain-mediated C-di-GMP signaling
AID  - 10.1042/BST20180543
DP  - 2019 Feb 01
TA  - Biochemical Society Transactions
PG  - BST20180543
4099  - http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/early/2019/01/31/BST20180543.short
4100  - http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/early/2019/01/31/BST20180543.full
AB  - PilZ domain-containing proteins constitute a large family of bacterial signaling proteins. As a widely distributed protein domain for the binding of the second messenger c-di-GMP, the canonical PilZ domain contains a set of motifs that define the binding site for c-di-GMP and an allosteric switch for propagating local conformational changes. Here, we summarize some new insights gathered from recent studies on the commonly occurring single-domain PilZ proteins, YcgR-like proteins and PilZ domain-containing cellulose synthases. The studies collectively illuminate how PilZ domains function as cis- or trans-regulatory domains that enable c-di-GMP to control the activity of its cellular targets. Overall, the review highlights the diverse protein structure, biological function and regulatory mechanism of PilZ domain-containing proteins, as well as the challenge of deciphering the function and mechanism of orphan PilZ proteins.EPS, exopolysaccharides; GT, glycosyltransferase; MCP, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; PNAG, poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine; SAM, S-Adenosyl-Methionine